The positive integers are bracketed as follows: \[(1), (2,3), (4,5,6),\dotsc ,\] where there are \(r\) integers in the \(r^{th}\) bracket.
Find expressions for the first and last integers in the \(r^{th}\) bracket.
Find the sum of all the integers in the first 20 brackets.
Prove that the sum of the integers in the \(r^{th}\) bracket is \(\frac{1}{2}r(r^2+1)\).
You may assume that the sum of the first \(n\) positive integers is \(\frac{1}{2} n (n+1)\).